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NCLEX-RN Exam Questions - Part 75
1. The nurse teaches a pregnant client that a high-risk symptom occurring at any time during pregnancy that needs to be reported immediately to a healthcare provider is:
A) Constipation
B) Urinary frequency
C) Breast tenderness
D) Abdominal pain
2. At her first prenatal visit, a 21-year-old woman who is gravida 2, para 0, ab 1, is currently at 32 weeks - gestation and has a history of drug abuse, smoking, and occasional ethyl alcohol use. Fetal ultrasound tests indicate poor fetal growth. The most likely reason for the infant - s intrauterine growth retardation is:
A) The client - s young age
B) The client - s previous abortion
C) The client - s history of drug, ethyl alcohol, and tobacco use
D) The client - s late prenatal care
3. When teaching a class of nursing students, the nurse asks why the embryonic period (weeks 4 - 8) of pregnancy is so critical.
A) Duplication of genetic information takes place.
B) Organogenesis occurs.
C) Subcutaneous fat builds up steadily.
D) Kidneys begin to secrete urine.
4. What specific hormone must be present in serum or urine laboratory tests used to diagnose pregnancy?
A) Human chorionic gonadotropin
B) Estrogen
C) α-fetoprotein
D) Sphingomyelin
5. A nurse is taking a maternal history for a client at her first prenatal visit. Her pregnancy test was positive, she has two living children, she had one spontaneous abortion, and one infant died at the age of 3 months. Which of the following best describes the client at the present?
A) Gravida 4, para 2, ab 1
B) Gravida 5, para 3, ab 1
C) Gravida 5, para 4, ab 0
D) Gravida 4, para 3, ab 0
A) Constipation
B) Urinary frequency
C) Breast tenderness
D) Abdominal pain
2. At her first prenatal visit, a 21-year-old woman who is gravida 2, para 0, ab 1, is currently at 32 weeks - gestation and has a history of drug abuse, smoking, and occasional ethyl alcohol use. Fetal ultrasound tests indicate poor fetal growth. The most likely reason for the infant - s intrauterine growth retardation is:
A) The client - s young age
B) The client - s previous abortion
C) The client - s history of drug, ethyl alcohol, and tobacco use
D) The client - s late prenatal care
3. When teaching a class of nursing students, the nurse asks why the embryonic period (weeks 4 - 8) of pregnancy is so critical.
A) Duplication of genetic information takes place.
B) Organogenesis occurs.
C) Subcutaneous fat builds up steadily.
D) Kidneys begin to secrete urine.
4. What specific hormone must be present in serum or urine laboratory tests used to diagnose pregnancy?
A) Human chorionic gonadotropin
B) Estrogen
C) α-fetoprotein
D) Sphingomyelin
5. A nurse is taking a maternal history for a client at her first prenatal visit. Her pregnancy test was positive, she has two living children, she had one spontaneous abortion, and one infant died at the age of 3 months. Which of the following best describes the client at the present?
A) Gravida 4, para 2, ab 1
B) Gravida 5, para 3, ab 1
C) Gravida 5, para 4, ab 0
D) Gravida 4, para 3, ab 0
1. Right Answer: D
Explanation: (A) Constipation is a result of decreased peristalsis due to smooth muscle relaxation related to changing progesterone levels that occur during pregnancy. (B)Urinary frequency is a common result of the increasing size of the uterus and the resulting pressure it places on the bladder. (C) With the increased vascularity and hypertrophy of the mammary alveoli due to estrogen and progesterone level changes, the breasts will increase in size and may become tender. (D)Abdominal pain may be an indication of early spontaneous abortion, preterm delivery, or a placental abruption.
2. Right Answer: C
Explanation: (A) Although adolescents frequently have a higher incidence of low-birth-weight infants, this client is 21 years old. (B) Uncomplicated induced abortions have not been proved to influence the growth of infants of subsequent pregnancies. (C) Compounds in cigarettes and some illicit drugs cause maternal vasoconstriction and a subsequent reduction in O2 availability for the fetus owing to the resulting reduction in uteroplacental blood flow. As few as one or two drinks of alcohol per day will decrease birth weight. (D) Although early prenatal care has been shown to improve pregnancy outcomes, not seeking care until the second week of gestation does not, in and of itself, cause intrauterine growth retardation.
3. Right Answer: B
Explanation: (A) Duplication of genetic material occurs during the preembryonic period (weeks 13) following conception. The exact duplication of genetic material is essential for cell differentiation, growth, and biological maintenance of the organism. (B) Weeks 48, known as the embryonic period, are the time organogenesis occurs and pose the greatest potential for major congenital malformations. All major internal and external organs and systems are formed. (C) Subcutaneous fat does not develop until the latter weeks of gestation. (D) Kidneys begin to secrete urine during the 13th16th week.
4. Right Answer: A
Explanation: (A) Human chorionic gonadotropin is the biochemical basis for pregnancy tests. It is produced by the placenta to help maintain the corpus luteum. Its levels climb rapidly following conception, peaking at about 8 weeks and then gradually decreasing to low levels after 16 weeks. (B) Estrogen does steadily rise throughout pregnancy, increasing to 30 times that of prepregnancy levels. Although estrogen levels do change during pregnancy, it is not used as the main hormone of evaluation in pregnancy tests. (C) -Fetoprotein is the major protein in the serum of theembryo. It is initially produced by the yolk sac. (D) Lecithin and sphingomyelin are two phospholipids of which fetal lung surfactant is composed. Levels are evaluated to determine fetal lung maturity.
5. Right Answer: B
Explanation: (A) This individual has been pregnant four times, delivered two children, and had one abortion. (B) Your client has been pregnant five times, delivered three children, and had one abortion. (C) This individual has been pregnant five times, delivered four children, and has not had an abortion. (D) This individual has been pregnant four times, delivered three children, and has not had an abortion.
Explanation: (A) Constipation is a result of decreased peristalsis due to smooth muscle relaxation related to changing progesterone levels that occur during pregnancy. (B)Urinary frequency is a common result of the increasing size of the uterus and the resulting pressure it places on the bladder. (C) With the increased vascularity and hypertrophy of the mammary alveoli due to estrogen and progesterone level changes, the breasts will increase in size and may become tender. (D)Abdominal pain may be an indication of early spontaneous abortion, preterm delivery, or a placental abruption.
2. Right Answer: C
Explanation: (A) Although adolescents frequently have a higher incidence of low-birth-weight infants, this client is 21 years old. (B) Uncomplicated induced abortions have not been proved to influence the growth of infants of subsequent pregnancies. (C) Compounds in cigarettes and some illicit drugs cause maternal vasoconstriction and a subsequent reduction in O2 availability for the fetus owing to the resulting reduction in uteroplacental blood flow. As few as one or two drinks of alcohol per day will decrease birth weight. (D) Although early prenatal care has been shown to improve pregnancy outcomes, not seeking care until the second week of gestation does not, in and of itself, cause intrauterine growth retardation.
3. Right Answer: B
Explanation: (A) Duplication of genetic material occurs during the preembryonic period (weeks 13) following conception. The exact duplication of genetic material is essential for cell differentiation, growth, and biological maintenance of the organism. (B) Weeks 48, known as the embryonic period, are the time organogenesis occurs and pose the greatest potential for major congenital malformations. All major internal and external organs and systems are formed. (C) Subcutaneous fat does not develop until the latter weeks of gestation. (D) Kidneys begin to secrete urine during the 13th16th week.
4. Right Answer: A
Explanation: (A) Human chorionic gonadotropin is the biochemical basis for pregnancy tests. It is produced by the placenta to help maintain the corpus luteum. Its levels climb rapidly following conception, peaking at about 8 weeks and then gradually decreasing to low levels after 16 weeks. (B) Estrogen does steadily rise throughout pregnancy, increasing to 30 times that of prepregnancy levels. Although estrogen levels do change during pregnancy, it is not used as the main hormone of evaluation in pregnancy tests. (C) -Fetoprotein is the major protein in the serum of theembryo. It is initially produced by the yolk sac. (D) Lecithin and sphingomyelin are two phospholipids of which fetal lung surfactant is composed. Levels are evaluated to determine fetal lung maturity.
5. Right Answer: B
Explanation: (A) This individual has been pregnant four times, delivered two children, and had one abortion. (B) Your client has been pregnant five times, delivered three children, and had one abortion. (C) This individual has been pregnant five times, delivered four children, and has not had an abortion. (D) This individual has been pregnant four times, delivered three children, and has not had an abortion.
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